Rafter construction terminology pdf

A diagonal member of the truss that has a compressive force acting on it and used to maintain rigidity and add strength to the structure. The article is titled common rafter framing not the definition of pitch. It is fixed to ends of battens, purlins or verge rafters. System owner is the term used to describe a company.

The longitudinal horizontal beam that is sitting on a post or the principal rafter of a truss and used to support common rafters. The roof extends over the gable wall to give a suitable overhang. A large, oblong piece of wood or other material, used. Some common trusses are named according to their web con. For a detailed explanation of how to run this type of calculation on the construction master, watch the video here. Construction the process of assembling materials and erecting a structure. Tlor total length of rafter, this is the total length from center of ridge to the facial cut. Dictionary of construction terminology complete design, inc. To achieve this is a simple frame called a ladder frame is constructed. Barge horizontal beam rafter that supports shorter rafters. The diameter of a common nail is larger than that of sinkers and box nails of the same length. Ac condenser the outside fan unit of the air conditioning system. Framing the rough lumber for housejoists, studs, rafters and beams. Rafter definition of rafter by the free dictionary.

A glazing unit used to reduce the transmission of sound through the glazed opening by bonding a soft interlayer between the layers of glass. Such roofs are built with mostly timber, take a number of different shapes, and are covered with a variety of materials. Safety glasses for an overview of the construction master calculator, watch the video here. Framing a ceiling ceiling joists are used to support the ceiling surface materials. Maybe they are using incorrect terminology but everyone on the crew knows what each other means. Roof framing in this chapter, we will introduce you to the fundamentals of roof design and construction. The word hopes you will find this trip informative and maybe a little entertaining. All trades which have a part in the construction of a building eg carpentry, masonry, painting, plumbing, electricity, heating. Collar ties are necessary to prevent separation of the roof at the ridge due to wind uplift. In a two story residential structure, the floor joists on the second level often serve as ceiling joists on the first level. A ceiling of fibrous tiles that are highly absorbent of sound energy.

The medium in which a building is built eg wood, steel or masonry. Valley jack a rafter extending from ridge to valley rafter at right angles to the ridge in plan view. Roof beam terminology and definitionsterms and definitions for the module portion of the program span lengththe horizontal length i. Various types of common rafter roofs and names of the associated members. This frame consists of the last two rafters joined together by. Common rafter terminology blue palmetto home inspection. The rafters are not framed into the plate, but simply nailed to it. The definitions of these carpentry terms were obtained from several books and online sources, including. An extra building component added to a building such as doors, windows, ridge vents, louver vents, insulation, gutter and downspouts, canopies, skylights, cupolas etc.

Collectively with other common rafters they support a pitched roof covering. Ac circuit alternating current the flow of current through a conductor first in one direction then in reverse. If you are framing a cathedral ceiling, there are a couple ways to deal with the need for rafter ties. The structural relationship between the rafters and the wall is the same in all types of roofs. All of the necessary cuts for a particular rafter can be laid out with these two squares. Rafter terminology calculations 345 right triangle 345 used 4000 years ago in building construction to find 90 angles. Truss terminology technical terms used in the truss industry may not be familiar.

Principal rafter common purlin roof 41,45 principal rafter principal purlincommon rafter roof 40 pulley mortise 26,27 rafter plate joints 34, 35, 36,37 rafter purlin plate joints 38 rafter tails 35, 36,37 raising plate 10, 12,17 relish 2, 11, 16, 21 ridge beam 38 ridge board 39 scribe rule, square rule 3 shear 46. Manufactured structural building component resembling the letter i. They are inclined members spaced from 16 to 48 inches apart. The difference in length of the jack rafter, spaced 16 or 24 inches on center, is also shown in the table. It depends upon several factors, including the roofs. There are three types of purlins in wood construction. Cement mortar filler on top of a chimney stack at the base of chimney pots or protruding flues. A semicircular or polygonal building projection, as of a church.

Plumb cut, typically called the ridge cut, at the top end. Any definition with a number to the side can be matched up to the picture at the end of. Hip and valley roofing property and building inspections. Ac disconnect the main electrical on off switch near the ac condenser. A curved structure designed to support its weight and the load above it. Fly rafters end rafters of the gable overhang supported by roof sheathing and lookouts. Building construction glossary paladin risk management. Similar to joists but inclined rising from the eaves f oot to the ridge h ead. Bolts driven into concrete that are used to hold structural members in place. Lor length of rafter, this is the mathematical length, from the center of the ridge to the outside of the wall. This reference guide will provide a basic knowledge of rafters and the rafter square to help you determine what scale and number on the square to use, as well as all necessary tables for reference. A nail with a head used in framing, referred to as a common bright nail. Roof framing you can learn a great deal about roof framing by understanding the concepts of gable roof framing. These are short spars that run from a hip to the eves or from a ridge to a valley.

Ab estimates of damages the ab estimate method is generally utilized in cases where the changed work or the cause of the delay or disruption related to the changed work is fairly. In hasty construction, rafters are merely laid on top of the plate and nailed. They vary in size, depending on length and spacing. Rafter p construction is committed to providing a high standard of custom barns, metal buildings. It is used exclusively in residential and commercial wiring because it provides. Contour line a line drawn on a site plan joining points of the same elevation. Valley jack rafters extend from the ridge board to a valley rafter. Next, well examine various types of roofs and rafters, and techniques for laying out, cutting, and erecting rafters. In aisled structures, the tie beams may not be continuous across the entire width, but may span only from aisle post to. Frame construction manual for one and twofamily dwellings afpa.

Roof structures roofs 12section module 3 sheet 10 verge details and ladder frame the construction of the verge of a gable roof is shown below. Scheduling, estimating, projectconstruction management, contract administration, and construction claims terminology for. When you fi nd it in the text, write down the defi nition. Common rafters extend from the plate to the ridgeboard at right angles to. Roof rafter terminology and definitionsterms and definitions for the module portion of the program snowwhen selected strucalc will size the rafters based on the design snow load entered by the user for roofs as required by local building department andor governing code. Scheduling, estimating, projectconstruction management. Rafter terms a common rafter has three basic parts you need to become familiar with. A notch cut out of roof rafters to secure a firm bearing on top plates. Roof beam terminology and definitions strucalc, inc. Wcd1 details for conventional wood frame construction. It removes the heat from the freon gas and turns the gas back into a liquid and pumps the liquid back to the coil in the furnace. Choose a content vocabulary or academic vocabulary word that is new to you. Rafters may extend a short distance beyond the wall to form the eaves and protect the.

An extra building component added to a building such as doors, windows, ridge. Mar, 2017 rafter length does not include the rafter overhang. Floor framing at wall projections 31 page chapter 6. Calculating roof slope the slope of a roof must be calculated before construction can begin. Once again, the word invites you to travel into the dark realm of terms that are often misused or misunderstood in home inspection reports. Rafters rafters make up the main framework of all roofs. The principal rafter carries the purlins, which in turn support the common rafters. A building or structure on the same lot as the main or principal building. The roof truss structure and design is integral to roof structural integrity and shape.

Hap height above plate, this is the vertical measurement from the. Roof features associated with basic roof framing terms are shown in figure 22. Download dictionary of construction terminology as pdf. Although posts of any type can be used to support girders, this image shows round poles being used as. Construction glossary of building terms residential reports. Lumber that has been dried to a moisture content of approximately 15 percent by unheated air. This article describes and illustrates the different types of support that prevents roof sagging and wall bulging at buildings, including definitions of collar ties, rafter ties, and structural ridge beams.

In this how it works article, managing editor debra judge silber explains the role of collar and rafter ties in the framing of a roof. Websters dictionary, modern carpentry, architectural drafting and design, and architectural drawing. One rafter tie connects each rafter to its corresponding rafter on the other side of the roof. A rafter that forms the intersection between two sloping roofs.

Section of a postframe building featuring girdersupported rafters. Dictionary of construction terminology ac an abbreviation for air conditioner or air conditioning. But wind loads can cause bracing to exert tension loads on the tying joint. Wall framing 31 requirements 31 platform construction 31 balloon construction 33 window and door framing 34 endwall framing 36 interior walls 38 lath nailers 39 chapter 7. In the absence of a purlin the rafter span extends from wall plate to ridge board. Refer to the roof table to determine the rafter length. Glossary of construction terms air condtioning condenser the outside fan unit of the air conditioning system. The framing square may have one or two types of rafter tables on the blade. Areas for economy in basic design and house construction are covered in numerous. Construction glossary of building terms abutment that part of a pier or wall either end of an arch, beam, or bridge which resists the pressure of a load. Rafter lumber used to support the roof sheeting and roof loads. A construction where the external and internal walls are built of brick.

Rafter ties or ceiling joists acting as rafter ties are required by code unless the house is designed so that the walls or a structural ridge beam carries the full load of the roof. Nov 09, 2012 when it comes to terminology most framers i worked with used pitch and slope as the same. The principal rafter has some resemblance to what is called liegende stuhlsaule. Construction joint joint which occurs because of the sequence of construction, unlike an expansion joint. A rafter extending from plate to hip rafter at right angles to the plate in plan view. Triangular upper part of wall at the end of a ridge roof hipped roof. Ceiling and roof framing 40 ceiling joists 40 flush ceiling framing 42 post and beam framing 42. Dictionary of construction terminology fly rafters. The edge of a roof which runs from eaves to ridge at a gable. Building construction glossary a above grade the portion of a building that is above ground level.

On a shed roof, rafter run is the distance from a ledger on the main building to the outside of an addition wall or porch carrying beam. The following glossary assumes that longitudinal is the direction in the ground plan which runs parallel to the ridge, while transversal is the direction parallel to the gables, or orthogonal to the ridge. Roof framing with hip, valley, and jack rafters is more complex than framing entirely with common rafters. Frame composed of corner columns, end columns, flush girts, and channel rafter beams, which is designed to carry onehalf bay weight. Unbraced lengthtopmaximum laterally unsupported distance along the top edge of the beam. Refer to the figure as you study the terms discussed in the next paragraphs. Cripple jack a rafter extending between a hip rafter and a valley rafter at right angles to the ridge and plate in plan view. Common nails are bright, plainshank nails with a flat head and diamond point. A rafter extending from ridge to valley rafter at right angles to the ridge in plan view. Rafter definition, any of a series of timbers or the like, usually having a pronounced slope, for supporting the sheathing and covering of a roof. This traditional method of construction uses large size lumber to create a framework that is left exposed. One of the sloping beams that supports a pitched roof. When it comes to terminology most framers i worked with used pitch and slope as the same. As wood ages it can sometimes split, and a severe split may compromise a roof rafter.

Domestic roof construction is the framing and roof covering which is found on most detached houses in cold and temperate climates. One of a series of parallel framing members not part of a truss used to support ceiling loads and supported in turn by larger beams or bearing walls. However, mid suffolk has examples of wide gablets supporting. It removes the heat from the freon gas and turns the gas back into a liquid and pumps the liquid back to the coil in the. With any building material or product, sound construction and installation practices must be followed to assure durability and troublefree performance. The highest point of a pitched roof that receives the head of the spars co mmon rafters rafters. Construction aisc manual and the edition is determined by the building code that has been selected. Span is the horizontal distance between the outside.

There are many types of roof trusses as wall as many types of roofs more types than there are parts this article and series of illustrated diagrams shows you all the parts of a basic roof truss, king truss and queen truss. Barge board a decorative board covering the projecting rafter fly rafter of the gable end. Current nailing requirements involve 16d common nails, the quantity of which is specified in a table based on roof pitch, roof span, rafter spacing and snow load. One of a series of rafters extending from the top of an exterior wall to the. All work must be in accordance with 1648 residential timberframed construction. Because of its natural composition, wood is better able to resist higher shortterm. A tree branch or other large objects falling on your roof can cause one or more of your homes rafters to break cracks or splitting. One type gives both the line length of any pitch of rafter per foot of run and the line length of any hip or valley rafter per foot of run. A term used to describe a pitched roof, the ends of which are also sloped. Construction terms for the nonbuilders vance county. Today the word pokes his head into the attic to look at some roof framing.

Collar ties may take up space in the attic of your home, but they are there for a reason. In hasty construction, rafters are merely laid on top of the plate and nailed in place. Squeaking floors and loose nails in wallboard or siding can be reduced by allowing framing to season to a moisture content which is as close as possible to moisture levels it will reach in service and by utilizing modern framing techniques and products, including gluednailed floor systems. Roof framing terms are related to the parts of a triangle. Features associated with various rafter types and terminology are shown in figure 23. Traditional woodworking methods such as wooden pegs, mortise, and tenon joinery are used instead of nails, screws or other metal fastenings. Roofing terms when framing a roof figure 72, carpenters must be familiar with commonly used roofing terms figures 73 and 74. Would the framing labor and material for a steep pitch victorian roof be the similar to a colonial roof house, both with the same floor area.